NPTEL Phase II :: Aerospace Engineering - Turbomachinery Aerodynamics

Untitled Document

COURSE OUTLINE

Introduction to Turbomachineries

Axial flow compressors and Fans: Introduction; Aero-Thermodynamics of flow through an Axial flow Compressor stage; Losses in axial flow compressor stage; Losses and Blade performance estimation; Secondary flows (3-D); Tip leakage flow and scrubbing; Simple three dimensional flow analysis;

Radial Equilibrium Equation; Design of compressor blades; 2-D blade section design : Airfoil Data; Axial Flow Track Design; Axial compressor characteristics; Multi-staging of compressor characteristics; Transonic Compressors; Shock Structure Models in Transonic Blades; Transonic Compressor Characteristics; 3-D Blade shapes of Rotors and Stators; Instability in Axial Compressors; Loss of Pressure Rise; Loss of Stability Margin; Noise problem in Axial Compressors and Fans

Axial flow turbines: Introduction; Turbine stage; Turbine Blade 2-D (cascade) analysis Work Done; Degree of Reaction; Losses and Efficiency; Flow Passage; Subsonic, transonic and supersonic turbines, Multi-staging of Turbine; Exit flow conditions; Turbine Cooling; Turbine Blade design – Turbine Profiles : Airfoil Data and Profile construction.

Centrifugal Compressors: Introduction; Elements of centrifugal compressor/ fan; Inlet Duct Impeller; Slip factor; Concept of Rothalpy; Modified work done; Incidence and lag angles; Diffuser ; Centrifugal Compressor Characteristics; Surging; Chocking; Rotating stall; Design

Radial Turbine: Introduction; Thermodynamics and Aerodynamics of radial turbines; Radial Turbine Characteristics; Losses and efficiency; Design of radial turbine.

Use of CFD for Turbomachinery analysis and design.

COURSE DETAIL

Sl. No.	Topic/s		Number of Lectures
1	Introduction to Turbomachineries	BR & AMP	1
2	Axial flow compressors and Fans		17
	Introduction	BR	1
	A simple two dimensional analytical model	AMP	1
	2-D Losses in axial flow compressor stage	AMP	1 Lec + 1 Tute
	Profile Loss and Blade performance estimation		1
	3-D flows in Blade passages
	Secondary flows, Tip leakage flow, Scrubbing	AMP	1
	Simple three dimensional flow analysis	AMP	1
	Full Radial Equilibrium Equation	BR	1
	Free-vortex and other 3-D flow theories	BR	1 Lec + 1 Tute
	Axial compressor characteristics
	Single stage characteristics	BR	1
	Multi-staging of compressor characteristics
	Multi-spool axial compressor characteristics, LPC, HPC
	Instability in Axial Compressors	AMP	2
	Loss of Pressure Rise and efficiency
	Loss of Stability Margin
	Rotating Stall and Surge, Modal and spike disturbance
	Inlet Distortion and Rotating Stall
	Vibrations and Fatigue
	Design of compressor blades	BR	3
	2-D blade section design : Airfoil Design – subsonic, transonic and supersonic profiles
	Axial Flow Track Design and Inter-spool duct flow
	Transonic Compressors and Shock Structure models in Transonic Blades
	Transonic Compressor Characteristics
	3-D Blade shapes of Rotors and Stators in modern compressors
	Compressor Instability and control	AMP	1
	Noise problem in Axial Compressors and Fans	BR	1
	Solved Examples and Tutorial Problems		2 Tute
3	Axial flow turbines		13
	Introduction	BR	1
	Turbine stage	AMP	3 Lec + 1 Tute
	Turbine Blade 2-D (cascade) analysis
	Work Done, Degree of Reaction, Losses and Efficiency
	Flow Passage, Exit flow conditions
	Multi-staging and Multi-spooling of Turbine	AMP	1
	3-D flows in Blade passages
	Secondary flows, Tip leakage flow & Inter-spool ducts
	Free-vortex and other 3-D flow theories	BR	1 Lec + 1 Tute
	Turbine Blade Cooling	BR	2
	Turbine Blade design –
	Turbine Profiles : Airfoil Data and Profile construction	BR	2
	3-D blade shapes	BR	1
	Solved Examples and Tutorial Problems
4	Centrifugal Compressors and Radial flow turbines		8 Lec + 2 Tute
	Centrifugal Compressors	AMP	2 Lec + 1 Tute
	Introduction
	Elements of centrifugal compressor/ fan
	Inlet Duct and guide vane, Impeller , Diffuser vanes and vaneless diffusers
	Slip factor, Concept of Rothalpy, Modified work done
	Inlet Incidence and Exit lag angles: Impeller and static vanes
	Centrifugal Compressor Characteristics	AMP	1
	Surging, Chocking, Rotating stall
	Sources of Centrifugal Compressor Losses
	Design of Centrifugal Compressors	BR	2
	Design of impellers
	Design of subsonic and supersonic vaned diffusers, vaneless volutes
	Radial Turbine	BR	2
	Introduction
	Thermodynamics and Aerodynamics of radial turbines
	Radial Turbine Characteristics
	Losses and efficiency
	Design of Radial Turbines	BR	1
5	Use of CFD for Turbomachinery analysis and design	BR & AMP	4
	Computer aided blade profile generation
	Cascade Analysis ; Periodicity and boundary conditions
	3-D blade generation and 3-D flow analysis
	Flow track and inter-spool duct analysis and design
	Total : (Including Tutorials)		44

PREREQUISITES

A full course in Aerodynamics.

REFERENCES

Nicholas Cumpsty, Compressor Aerodynamics, 2004, Kreiger Publications, USA.
Johnson I.A., Bullock R.O. NASA-SP-36, Axial Flow Compressors, 2002 (re-release), NTIS.
El-Wakil, M M; Powerplant Technology, 1984, McGraw-Hill Pub.
NASA-SP-290, Axial Flow turbines, 2002 (re-release), NTIS, USA.
J H Horlock, Axial flow compressors, Butterworths, 1958, UK.
J H Horlock, Axial Flow Turbines, Butterworths, 1965, UK.
B Lakshminarayana; Fluid Mechanics and Heat Transfer in turbomachineries,Â 1995, USA.
Ahmed F. El-Sayed; Aircraft Propulsion and Gas Turbine Engines; CRC press, 2008.

ADDITIONAL READINGS

Oates Gordon C;Â Aerothermodynamics of Aircraft Engine Components; AIAA series, 1985.
IGTI/ASME; The design of Gas Turbine Engines Thermodynamics and Aerodynamics (chapter 8 and 10), 2005.Â